Transdermal patches

A transdermal patch (transdermal therapeutic system, TTS) is a dosage form for external use that provides prolonged and controlled delivery of an active ingredient through the skin directly into the systemic circulation. By delivering the active ingredient into the body without passing through the gastrointestinal tract, transdermal delivery can bypass first-pass metabolism in the liver and may improve the bioavailability of the active ingredient while maintaining a stable concentration in the bloodstream.

Transdermal patches are used for pain management, contraception, treatment of nicotine dependence, and other therapeutic purposes. Many active ingredients currently available in other dosage forms may potentially be adapted for transdermal delivery. This requires the development of a specialized dosage form.

Unlike a conventional patch, a TTS has hydrophilic properties and combines several functional characteristics. It maintains adhesion when exposed to moisture, for example, when a person sweats, is exposed to rain, takes a shower, or goes swimming. This is particularly important when continuous drug delivery is essential.

The composite incorporated into the TTS has a specially developed composition. In addition to the active ingredient, it may contain components that help prepare the skin and increase its permeability, regulate the onset of active ingredient release, and ensure its uniform delivery over a specified period of time.